Direct
current flow method
may be used
when detecting discontinuities at or near
the outer surface
of the part. The
magnetizing current should
be applied for
a duration of
.5 to 2
seconds with a
minimum of two
shots. In
order to indicate
the presence of all
discontinuities, at
least two separate
examinations shall be
performed on each
area. During the second
examination, the flux lines
shall be directed
approximately perpendicular to
those used during
the first examination. A different
technique for magnetization
may be required
for the second
examination.
Head shot
method :
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Direct electrical
contact at each
end of a
component, so that the
current passes through
the whole part
is a rapid
and reliable method
which is very
suitable for the
inspection of relatively
small
solid
components. This is done
by clamping the
ends of the
part between the
contact heads, generally
on a stationary
horizontal bench unit
that incorporates the
source of the current.
The contact heads
must be constructed
so that the
surfaces of the
part are not
damaged, either physically by
pressure or structurally
by heat from
arcing or from
high resistance at
the points of
contact. The current flow
is uniform and
passes through the
entire piece being
examined. The circular field
thus established around
the test part
will develop leakage
field across defects
which lie along
the same direction
as the connecting
line between the
contact heads. Strongest indications
are produced by
discontinuities that are
parallel to the
direction of current
flow. The size and
shape of the
part will determine
whether another magnetic
field, perpendicular to the
previous direction can
be generated in
the test part
by this method.
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The current
to be passed
through the part
is based on
the diameter or
cross section area of it.
The flux
density is inversely
proportional to the
cross sectional area
of the test
part. To achieve adequate
field strength for
locating surface and
sub surface discontinuities, direct or
rectified current is
used.
For round
parts, current to be
applied is 12
to 31 amps per
mm of outer
diameter including any
hollow portion.
Alternating current
can be used
at half of
the above current
for detection of
surface discontinuities only.
For parts
with geometric shapes
other than round,
the greatest cross
sectional diagonal in
a plane at
right angles to
the current flow
should determine the
inches to be
used in current
computations.
For oddly – shaped uniform
cross section parts, the following
formula may be
used to compute
the current required
for direct current, direct contact
magnetization,
Current in Ampere
DC = [ P / 3.14 ] X 1000.
Where P is perimeter
of cross section.
Stationary Horizontal
Units : The general
purpose unit has
a built in
tank that holds
the particle suspension
and contains a
bath pump, which continuously
agitates the bath
and supplies the
liquid through an
adjustable hose to
be applied to
the test part surface. Pneumatically operated
contact heads, together with
a rigid type
coil, provide capabilities of
both circular and
longitudinal magnetization of
the test part. Self
contained AC and
rectified AC power
supplies are available
in amperage ratings
from 2500 to
10000 Amps. Maximum opening between
contact heads varies
from 1 to
12 feet. Other options
are curtains or
hoods and ultraviolet
light for examination
with fluorescent particles.
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